To those who believe that Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito are guilty, I issue a challenge.

Part 20 in the Knox/Sollecito case

Francesco Maresco, lawyer for the Kercher family, said after the verdict last December, “We are teaching the whole world and the United States how to collect, analyse and evaluate scientific technical aspects of the case.”

I have previously discussed how the electronic data files are used by independent experts in criminal cases. Those arguments are especially compelling in the murder of Meredith Kercher, in which the amount of DNA in two of the most important pieces of DNA evidence fall near or into the low copy number (LCN) range. The profile from the bra clasp is also a mixture, and it is well known that the analysis of mixtures introduces subjectivity into the analysis. I have also previously given my reasons for believing that these critical files were never released to the defense teams. Since that time some additional information has become available that puts this question to rest.

Raffaele Sollecito’s appeal documents indicate that his defense expert Dr. Pascali requested the raw data in 2008 (presumably the electronic data files). This request was prior to the preliminary hearing, and the lawyers supported their request with a reference to article 415. They also requested the log files. The judge granted the defense teams the right to forensic information in the summer of 2009 that they had been denied until that time. However, the prosecutions did not fully comply with this order, according to a source close to the defense, and this was one of the things that precipitated the defense teams’ asking for a mistrial in September of 2009.


An open letter coauthored by Dr. Elizabeth Johnson and Professor Gregory Hampikian noted that the prosecution failed to release the electronic data files (.fsa files) to the defense. Since the time of the letter’s release on 11/19/09, some have assumed that these two DNA forensic scientists were unrelated to the case and therefore had no standing to ask for these files. This argument is false. An article written by Fiona Ness on 25 April 2010 indicates that Professor Hampikian is a consultant for Amanda Knox’s defense team. As such, he has every reason to request the operating procedures of the lab, as well as the electronic data files that produce the electropherograms.

“The importance of DNA evidence in a conviction is highlighted in one of Hampikian’s cases - that of US student Amanda Knox. Knox was convicted of the murder of British student Meredith Kercher after a high-profile trial in Italy in 2009. Knox’s conviction was partly based on a sample of her DNA discovered on a knife found in the house. However, Hampikian says he is appalled by the standard of DNA evidence used by the Italian courts to convict Knox in the case. ‘The amount of DNA present is far below the normal cut-off for many labs that I know of. A one off spurious piece of DNA evidence shouldn’t be treated as a gold standard profile from a high-profile source. The issue of this low-template DNA sample is really troubling me.’ Trying to obtain the evidence to have it retested, however, is proving difficult. ‘The discovery rules in Italy are different to what I’m used to. It’s fairly routine in the US that I send a request and get what I want. But in the Knox case I haven’t been able to get a copy of the standard operating procedures of the lab and without that, it’s hard to see if they even followed their own guidelines.’ Evidence, Hampikian says, is a matter of science, to be reviewed, not protected.” (emphasis added) An article in the Irish Times confirms that a professional relationship exists between Professor Hampikian and the Knox family.

The words of an anonymous forensic DNA expert unconnected with the murder of Meredith Kercher are apropos here. This individual said with reference to a different case, “Honest differences of opinion by qualified experts should be welcomed by the Court. This can only be accomplished if the independent expert is provided full and complete discovery by the government.” Keith Inman and Norah Rudin gave ten ways to improve forensic science. Number five was “Provide transparency. Secrecy and gamesmanship are inappropriate to the work of the forensic scientist. All laboratory notes, data, results, procedures, logs, and records should be open to controlled
and appropriate scrutiny.”

To those who believe Ms. Knox and Mr. Sollecito are guilty, I respectfully issue a challenge: Join me in calling for the release of all of the forensic information that the defense has been denied until now. Some among you have argued that the Italian authorities should not release any more information than that demanded by Italian law. However, it is conceivable that Italian law is not yet settled on the question of whether or not to release the electronic data files. If it is not, why should the precedent be against full disclosure rather than in support of full disclosure? If the case against the defendants is as strong as you say it is, you have nothing to fear. On the contrary, your certainty would be stronger if the release and examination of these files produced nothing.

To the Italian authorities I respectfully issue a related challenge: Make good on Mr. Maresca’s claim. Show the world that forensic evidence is to be shared with the defense. At that point the analysis will be complete. Provide the electronic data files (.fsa files), and the instrument log files, and include the contamination log files if they exist. Then and only then will you indeed be showing the world the right way to treat forensic evidence.